Jabir ibn hayyan biography of michael

Like ZosimosJabir believed this would require a catalyst, an al-iksirthe elusive elixir that would make this transformation possible — which in European alchemy became known as the philosopher's stone. According to the Jabirian version of this theory, metals form in the earth through the mixing of sulfur and mercury. Depending on the quality of the sulfur, different metals are formed, with gold being formed by the most subtle and well-balanced sulfur.

Forster Contents move to sidebar hide. Article Talk. Read Edit View history. Tools Tools. Download as PDF Printable version. In other projects. Wikimedia Commons Wikiquote Wikidata item. This is the latest accepted revisionreviewed on 26 January Islamic alchemist and polymath. For other people known as Jabir, see Jabir.

Jabir ibn hayyan biography of michael: Abū Mūsā Jābir ibn Ḥayyān

Biography [ edit ]. Historicity [ edit ]. Dating of the Jabirian corpus [ edit ]. Biographical clues and legend [ edit ]. The Jabirian corpus [ edit ]. Alchemical writings [ edit ]. Hermes Trismegistus. Hermetic writings. Historical figures. Modern offshoots. Writings on magic talismans, specific properties [ edit ]. Other extant writings [ edit ].

Lost writings [ edit ]. Historical background [ edit ]. When supporters of Jabir Geber were put to death by the Caliph for some unknown reasons, he fled to Kufa modern-day Iraq. In Kufa, Jabir Geber had set up a laboratory where he continued working on chemistry. He lived the rest of his life in house arrest until he died in CE. Alchemy is the term used for medieval-era time chemistry that was founded by Jabir ibn Hayyan.

He developed expertise in experimental approaches for working on materials and Chemical Reactions between them. Jabir had well documented the alchemical process, such as distillation, sublimation, crystallization, and amalgamation of metals. He was thus able to practice medicine under the protection of the caliphate. In one of his works, Jabir relates that he cured a handmaid belonging to the household of Yahya ibn Khalid, a Barmecide, by administering a specially prepared potion.

For the caliph himself, Jabir wrote an alchemical work, The Book of the Blossom, which included information on experimental techniques. He also is said to have facilitated the acquisition of copies of Greek and Latin authors for translation into Arabic. Jabir kept a working laboratory in Kufa, the ruins of which were discovered two hundred years after his death.

InJafar ibn Yahya was put to death and the Barmecides were banished after earning the disfavor of the Caliphate. Jabir fled to Kufa, where he is said to have lived long enough to persuade the succeeding Caliph, Al-Ma'mun, to nominate a successor of Jabir's choice. According to this tradition, Jabir would have died only after the naming of the successor, Ali al-Rida, in It is useful to differentiate the techniques, processes, and theories associated with the Arabic works ascribed to Jabir, and those of the Latin works under the authorship of Geber, Jabir's latinized name.

The works in Latin under the name of Geber include these important chemical processes Von Meyer, :. The works ascribed to Geber introduced improved laboratory equipment such as water baths, furnaces, and systems for filtration and distillation. Jabir's works paved the way for most of the later Islamic alchemists, including RaziTughrai and al-Iraqi, who lived in the ninth, twelfth, and thirteenth centuries respectively.

His books strongly influenced the medieval European alchemists and justified their search for the philosopher's stone, a symbol for the method by which the baser metals such as lead and tin could be transformed into gold. But they also provided medieval inestigators a new source of important and practical chemical knowledge.

Jabir ibn hayyan biography of michael: Jabir Ibn Hayyan was born

In tandem with his leanings toward mysticism, Jabir recognized and proclaimed the importance of experimentation. Jabir applied his chemical knowledge to the improvement of many manufacturing processes, such as making steel and other metals, preventing rustengraving golddyeing and waterproofing cloth, tanning leather, and the chemical analysis of pigments and other substances.

He developed the use of manganese dioxide in glass-making, to counteract the green tinge produced by iron — a process that is still used today. He noted that boiling wine released a flammable vapor, thus paving the way to Al-Razi 's discovery of ethanol. In the Middle AgesJabir's treatises on alchemy were translated into Latin and became standard texts for European alchemists.

Jabir ibn hayyan biography of michael: Jabir ibn Hayyan was one of

The first man, Prophet Adam a. Since then, prophets and messengers were sent to all the regions and all the peoples. Allah says in the Qur'an: "And there never was a people without a warner having lived among them". Qur'an, In all, there cameprophets from God. Many of the prophets were sent to one or two villages, some even to one family or one man.

Others were sent to a bigger area; still others to a whole tribe. But none of them, before our Holy Prophet, was sent to the whole mankind. Our Holy Prophet was sent to the whole mankind for up to the end of the world. No other prophet is to come after him.